Comprehensive Details about Data communication and Computer networks
To understand data communication in the network is complex. In this article I’ll easy demonstrate how two computer get connect each other, transfer and receive data information also with the Tcp/IP five layer protocol.
What is Data communication?
The term “data communication” is used to describe the transmission of information from one location to another using a medium such as a wire connection. When all of the devices exchanging data are in the same building or nearby, we say that the data transfer is local.
In this context, “source” and “receiver” have straightforward definitions. Source refers to the data-transmitting equipment, whereas receiver refers to the data-receiving device. The goal of data communication is not the creation of information at the source or the destination, but rather the transfer of data and the maintenance of data during the process.
Data communication systems often use data transmission lines to receive data from faraway places and send processed results back to those same faraway places. The diagram in figure gives a more comprehensive overview of data communication networks. The many data communication techniques currently in use developed gradually, either as an improvement on previously existing data communication techniques or as a replacement for them. And then there’s the lexical minefield that is data communication, which includes terms like baud rate, modems, routers, LAN, WAN, TCP/IP, which ISDN, and must be navigated when deciding on a means of transmission. As a result, it’s important to look back and get a handle on these concepts and the evolution of data communication techniques.
TCP/IP Five layer protocol:
To ensure TCP/IP functions properly, we must supply the bare minimum of data it requires in a format that is universally understood across networks. The software’s five-layer architecture makes this format possible.
TCP/IP obtains the fundamentals it requires to transmit our data across the network from each of these layers. Functions are organized into task-specific “layers” here. There isn’t a single feature in this model that doesn’t directly aid one of the many layers in doing its job better.
Only layers that are adjacent to one another can communicate. Programs operating at higher layers are freed from the responsibility of executing code at lower layers. To establish a connection with a distant host, for instance, the application code just has to know how to make a request at the Transport layer. It can operate without understanding the underlying encoding scheme of the data being sent. It’s up to the Physical layer to handle that. It is in charge of transferring raw data, which is just a series of 0s and 1s, as well as bit rate regulation and defining the connection, the wireless technology or electrical cable which connects the devices.
The TCP/IP five-layer protocol includes the Application Layer, Transport Layer, Network Layer, Data Link Layer, and Physical Layer, Let’s learn about this TCP/IP layers.
1. Physical layer: The physical layer handles the actual wired or wireless link between devices in a network. It defines the connector, the wired or wireless connection between the devices, and sends the raw data (0s and 1s) along with regulating the data transfer rate.
2. Data Link Layer: A connection between two physically connected nodes on a network is established and severed at the data link layer. It does this by dividing data packets into frames before sending them on their way. Media Access Control (MAC) employs MAC addresses to link devices and specify rights to transmit and receive data, while Logical Link Control (LLC) identifies network protocols, performs error checking, and synchronizes frames.
3. Network Layer: Connections between networks are the backbone of the Internet. The “network layer” of the Internet communications process is where these connections are made by exchanging data packets between networks The third layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model is the network layer. Several protocols, including the Internet Protocol (IP), are used at this level for purposes such as routing, testing, and encryption.
4. Transport Layer: To establish connection between host to host is network layers responsibility. While transport layer responsibility is to establish port to port connection. We successfully transferred the data from from Computer A to B through the interaction of physical layer, data link layer and network layer. After sending data to computer A-to-B how does the computer B can recognize which application is the data transferred for?
Accordingly, it is necessary to assign processing to a particular application via a port . Thus, an IP address and port number can be used to uniquely identify a host’s running program.
5. Application Layer: Browsers and email clients are examples of client-side software that operate at the application layer. Protocols are made available that facilitate communication between programs and the display of useful information to end users. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Post Office Protocol (POP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), and Domain Name System (DNS) are all examples of protocols that operate at the application layer (DNS).