An optical fibre is a wired channel for transmitting optical signals.
We call the unwanted electrical signals in the channel “noise The noise in the communication system is superimposed on the signal. When there is no transmission signal, there is also noise in the communication system. “The noise always exists in the communication system. Noise can be regarded as a kind of interference in the channel, also known as additive interference because it is superimposed on the signal. Noise is harmful to signal transmission. It can mess up the analog signal, mess up the digital signal, and slow down the rate at which information can be sent.
According to the source classification, noise can be divided into two categories: man-made noise and natural noise. Artificial noise is generated by human activities, such as electric sparks caused by electric drills and electric switch transients, electric sparks generated by automobile ignition systems, interference generated by fluorescent lamps, and electromagnetic wave radiation generated by other radio stations and household appliances. Natural noise is a variety of electromagnetic wave radiation in nature, such as lightning, atmospheric noise, and cosmic noise from the sun and the galaxy In addition, there is a very important natural noise, namely, thermal noise Thermal noise comes from the thermal motion of electrons in all resistive components. For example, wires, resistors, and semiconductor devices all generate thermal noise.
Therefore, thermal noise is ubiquitous and inevitably exists in all electronic equipment unless the equipment is at the thermodynamic temperature of OK In resistive components, free electrons are constantly moving due to thermal energy and randomly move in a broken line path due to collisions with other particles in motion, i.e., Brownian motion In the absence of external force, the average value of the current generated by the Brownian motion of these electrons is equal to zero, but an AC component will be generated. This AC component is called thermal noise. Thermal noise has a wide range of frequencies, from about 0 Hz to 102 Hz, and they are all spread out evenly.
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